The Government of India has taken a significant step toward enhancing aviation safety and transparency through a comprehensive update to the Aircraft Accident Investigation Rules, as published in the Gazette of India (Extraordinary, Part II – Section 3(i)). These rules, issued under the authority of the Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam, 2024, lay out detailed procedures and responsibilities for investigating aviation accidents, serious incidents, and safety occurrences across the country.
Ensuring Proper Custody and Evidence Preservation
A cornerstone of the new framework is the emphasis on preservation and custody of evidence following an aircraft accident. Under the direction of the Director General (DG), Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB), measures must be taken to protect wreckage, documents, and other relevant evidence from tampering or unauthorized access. Photographic documentation, safeguarding of flight recorders, and secure transportation of debris are all integral parts of this process.
Importantly, the rules grant the AAIB exclusive authority over all collected evidence. Other agencies may be granted limited access only upon approval by the DG, ensuring integrity and independence in the investigation process.
AAIB: India’s Sole Authority for Air Accident Investigation
The Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB), operating as an attached office of the Ministry of Civil Aviation, is reaffirmed as the central authority for investigating aircraft accidents and serious incidents. The Bureau’s responsibilities include obtaining preliminary reports, classifying occurrences, disseminating factual information, and forwarding final reports to relevant domestic and international authorities, including the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) when applicable.
AAIB also maintains a national accident and incident database, working in collaboration with the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) to strengthen safety analysis and data sharing.
Clear Powers for Investigators
Under the rules, investigators have been granted broad powers to summon witnesses, access aircraft and wreckage, examine flight data and cockpit voice recorders, and demand necessary documentation. These powers ensure that the investigative process is thorough, impartial, and aligned with international standards outlined in Annex 13 to the Chicago Convention.
The Investigator-in-Charge is tasked with producing a detailed final report, which, after acceptance by the DG, AAIB, is made public in a transparent manner.
Formal Investigations and Transparency
In cases of exceptional importance or public concern, the Central Government may order a formal investigation, appointing a competent Court to conduct proceedings—potentially in open court—assisted by technical assessors from AAIB. This provision strengthens public trust by ensuring accountability and openness while balancing the need for confidentiality in sensitive cases.
Additionally, the rules emphasize non-disclosure of sensitive data such as cockpit recordings, air traffic communications, and personal information unless disclosure serves a greater public or safety interest.
Penalties and Compliance
The updated framework includes strict penalties for obstructing investigations or failing to comply with directives, as outlined under Section 32 of the Adhiniyam. These provisions reinforce the seriousness of cooperation and compliance within the aviation ecosystem.
A Step Forward for Aviation Safety
By codifying clear investigative procedures, empowering the AAIB, and aligning national practices with international aviation standards, India’s new Aircraft Accident Investigation Rules represent a major leap forward in ensuring safety, accountability, and public confidence in civil aviation.